how to use cataclean catalytic converter cleaner. Regular use every 5,000 miles tunes-up the fuel, emissions and exhaust systems keeping them clean and preventing the CEL light from returning. how to use cataclean catalytic converter cleaner

 
 Regular use every 5,000 miles tunes-up the fuel, emissions and exhaust systems keeping them clean and preventing the CEL light from returninghow to use cataclean catalytic converter cleaner A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that reduces toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into le

The Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner Is a Revolutionary Product That Cleans the Internal Components of the Catalytic Convertor. It is designed not only to remove soot from the catalyst but also to prevent its reoccurrence. There's no way to "unmelt" damaged ceramic. It swells seals and keeps on swelling. How to clean catalytic converter DIY with Scotty Kilmer. Keep the gas tank in an almost empty condition. A formula like this can restore the efficiency of your fuel system and make your. $1089 ($10. Step 1: Mix the seafoam in the right amount. What Is The Best Cleaner For A Catalytic Converter? Cataclean 120007 Cleaner: Cataclean 120007 Cleaner. Using a funnel, pour the Cataclean into the opening of the catalytic converter. Learn how Cataclean products can help your vehicle with both a reduction in carbon build up, and reduction in overall emissionsCataclean is a one-stop, pour-in treatment: add the contents of the pre-measured bottle to a quarter-tank of fuel (around 15 liters/4 gallons), drive for at least 15. In several cases, it also makes your car’s sound variable. The easiest way to clean a catalytic converter without removing it is by using a catalytic converter cleaner. Use four times a year to help maintain proper engine operation. Just follow the steps listed below. Once a cat gets clogged the exhaust is able to superheat the catalysts inside, melting/fusing them together and creating a more significant blockage. This includes the engine, spark plugs, and the catalytic converter, among other parts. Cataclean Philippines. Use Cataclean® 4X a Year. It just gets used up. Drove 48 miles and engine light does not go off. Step 3: After soaking, remove the unit from the bucket and rinse off the excess soap with clean water. (30 mL per 3. How cat converter cleaners work to remove soot Some catalytic. Now that I am approaching 70K miles with my E93, I was considering using a catalytic converter cleaner as preventative maintenance. A well-running engine helps to restore and maintain catalytic converter efficiency. Chevron Techron Complete Fuel System Cleaner. This product from Mr. Subscribe to Channel: our v. Cataclean 120007 - Best Overall. Star Tron Enzyme Fuel Treatment Concentrate. It's crucial to remember that Cataclean should be used every three months to maintain an efficient and clean engine. Clean engines. Metal, varnish, or plastic are all dissolved by their other chemical solvents. . Cataclean 120007 Complete Engine, Fuel, and Exhaust System Cleaner. The catalytic converter is an important part of your car’s exhaust system. This cleaner by Cataclean is one example. 0. This includes the engine, spark plugs, and the catalytic converter, among other parts. It might be even partially melted inside. A well-running engine helps to restore and maintain catalytic converter efficiency. Finally, Cataclean can increase engine wear and tear by increasing friction between engine parts. This product from Mr. # 4. Procedures 2-4 may be repeated to ensure sufficient product is drawn into the system to treat all the components. Sep 18, 2019 #12 ; OP . 6. The catalytic converter as there are two on this vehicle, one on the exhaust manifold, followed by a y pipe that has an Oxygen sensor and then the second catalytic converter which had a. Oxicat Catalytic Converter Cleaner. Testing at an independent emissions testing facility showed using. 3. We will take a look at some of the best catalytic converter cleaning treatments out there. Mr. First time was in 2019 or 2 years ago. Cataclean catalytic converter cleaner Cataclean — does it work? Four things can cause a catalytic converter to set a P0420 or P0430 trouble code: oil or carbon coating on the surface of the honeycomb, melted substrate caused by overheating, a poisoned substrate, and impact damage. After cleaning the throttle body, changing the spark plugs & airfilter as well, the previous owner wants the car back because this. . P0420 and P0430. About 15 liters of gasoline is suggested for the greatest outcomes. I did some research and apparently the light. Make sure to keep it. If you don’t use Cataclean properly, your car might have issues with the catalytic converter. Smoke and improper engine running. 0. Directions Add full bottle into 16 gals (60 liters) of fuel or 1 oz. Best of the lot, this Cataclean is one of the best. For that reason, we have thoroughly examined the top 3 catalytic converter cleaners that are available, at least as of the writing of this article in 2021. Puncture Repair Wheel alignment Free Tyre Check Puncture Repair Clutch Repair Wheel. This will aid in reducing the carbon footprint of your vehicle and improving overall performance; helping to increase fuel efficiency, and protect your converter. 🚗Engine Catalytic Converter Cleaner 🚗 Cut down the maintenance cost of your car. This sixteen oz. Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner: 1: 13. =====Claim your FREE engine code eraser 👉 👈=====Engine Code P0430 Saving Repair Parts:C. Less than $30 I think. Acetone, in particular, is a chemical component of catalytic convertor cleaners. The second is to produce a carboxylic acid vapor that helps remove carbon and soot from the catalytic converter and DPF. Not only is this cleaner safe for gasoline engines, but it can also be used in hybrid, diesel and even flex-fuel vehicles. . Cataclean can improve fuel economy, reduce emissions, restore performance and extend the life. This can be especially true if your catalytic converter is clogged. 9oz - NCB 4720 online from NAPA Auto Parts Stores. 0. Using this product in a vehicle that has faile. The catalytic converter gets clogged up by unburnt fuel going into the exhaust system, or oil or antifreeze making their way into the exhaust system and creating a thick carbon and soot which easily. Use Cataclean to fix drivability issues such as power reduction, hesitation and hard starts, as a pre-treatment before an emission test or to extend the life of your vehicle. Metal, varnish, or plastic are all dissolved by their other chemical solvents. There is an ongoing discussion online about whether Cetaclean or lacquer thinner is better for cleaning the catalytic converter, and the answer to this question is simple - Cataclean is better. Chemical basis: Alcohol with additives. Using the funnel pour your set amount of Seafoam. To use Cataclean, you pour it into your car’s fuel tank so it mixes with fuel. How to fix and repa. DTC (diagnostic trouble code) P0420, P0430. 2 bottles. Normally one treatment is sufficient to clean the system. . Car Cleaning Gift Sets Microfibre Cloths All Car Cleaning Car Cleaning Bundles under £15 Car Cleaning Kits under £30 Back Car Parts. Overall, the cataclean delivers a low-cost cleaning option. There is an ongoing discussion online about whether Cetaclean or lacquer thinner is better for cleaning the catalytic converter, and the answer to this question is simple - Cataclean. Fill up your car’s fuel tank and continue driving like you usually do. However, if your converter needs a mild refresh, then this is a great choice. 473. Because they include additives that will clean carbon deposits from your engine’s fuel and exhaust systems, using one of these products is likely to result in improved symptoms, especially because they are safe for the environment. What are the benefits of using a Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner? Here are some benefits of using Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner. . There are several converter cleaners on the market, some of which can cost $29+. Cataclean Diesel 500ml 575818 4. Part #: 120019 Line: MRG. Not much longer. Cataclean is an exhaust system and fuel cleaner that helps to reduce the building-up of carbon toxins in the catalytic converter. Unfortunately the Dura Lube treatment was not successful. A well-running engine helps to restore and maintain catalytic converter efficiency. Shop the latest Cataclean cleans and maintains your engine’s fuel system to perform like new. . The code states P0420 indicating the passenger side catalytic converter has failed. About this item. This product is safe for gasoline, diesel, hybrid, and flex-fuel vehicles as it does not alter fuel. 4. . oz. Remove the seal on the bottle and pour the entire contents into your vehicle’s gas tank. The most common use of Cataclean is in the catalytic converter. Cons. As to Cleans David Yurman Fashion?Table of ContentsHow to Use Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner – Tips, Reviews, and Guides in 2022What is a Catalytic Converter Cleaner?How to Use Cataclean Catalytic Converter CleanerHow does Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner Work?The Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner Video ReviewCatacle. So, the first thing you can try is applying cleaning agents like Cataclean to remove the dirt and unclog the converter. Today we put cataclean catalytic converter cleaner to the test! We have a bmw car in the shop that has an engine light that needs fixed p420 p430 p431. Regular cleaning increases your car’s MPG and extends the life of a catalytic converter, which can cost up to $100 to replace if damaged. Safe and effective for all petrol (gasoline), diesel and hybrid vehicles. . 8 L). That means that Cataclean mixes with fuel to clean the various internal parts of your car that fuel comes into contact with. Although it is not cheap, the cleaner has a good reputation of clearing various catalytic converter codes from your ECU and is easy to use. Use four times a year to help maintain proper engine operation. . The main benefit of using Cataclean is that it cleans the catalytic converter. It was pricey for a 16oz bottle (something like $27 at AutoZone) but certainly way cheaper than a new OEM cat for $600! Basically, you pour it into your gas tank at 1/4 capacity, drive for 15+ miles, refill. After this process the catalytic converter cleaner (Cataclean) passes through the rest of the exhaust system along with the normal gases. Cataclean is a cleaning agent that helps reduce the accumulated carbon deposition in the catalytic converter and fuel running through your system. Use Cataclean to fix drivability issues such as power reduction, hesitation and hard starts, as a pre-treatment before an emissions test or to extend the life of your vehicle. OXICAT- Oxygen Sensor & Catalytic Converter Cleaner-Engine, Fuel & Exhaust- Pack of 2 FOR PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE. Gasket Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner. Utilize a drip basin or a bucket to perform the cleaning. Keeping the catalytic converter and exhaust system clean is important for reducing emissions and ensuring compliance with emission standards. The second cleaner on this review list is from the brand Mr. It’s important to note that you might need to take the catalytic converter off to clean it with the latter method. How to clean catalytic converter DIY with Scotty Kilmer. HELPS GET RID OF FOUL SMELL: Get satisfaction from cleaner engine smells. Adding anything but fuel and catalytic converter cleaner could destroy your engine. Cataclean instructions. This explains why so many people buy and employ this product. Use Cataclean to fix drivability issues such as power reduction, hesitation and hard starts, as a pre-treatment before an emission test or to extend the life of your vehicle. How to use Catalytic. Remove the cover of the converter with a screwdriver. It’s a fuel and exhaust system cleaner designed to remove stubborn deposits left in the catalytic cleaner. MOST IMPORTANT STEP! DO NOT SKIP! It is recommended by the manufacture r when using Cataclean to apply the. Simply pour the recommended amount of Cataclean into your gas tank when it’s about a quarter full. The cleaning process takes only a few minutes to complete and can be repeated several times for maximum efficiency. Not useful on a 2-stroke engine. The Hi-Gear EZ Emissions Pass and Catalytic Converter Cleaner is another great product that will help you pass an emissions test. It works by removing carbon deposits in the catalytic converter. Chrisk327. Clears OBD OBD-II PID CODES P0420 P0421 P0430 P0431 and turns off. Remove the converter from the hot water and. The Cataclean converter cleaner works by mixing gasoline in the fuel tank to generate a mixture that can be cleaned when you start your engine and drive for a long time until you see the differences. . $1398 ($13. With over 12 years of independent testing, the fuel system cleaner Cataclean has been found to be highly reliable. Locate the engine oil filler cap and remove it. 200+ bought in past month. But the cost of owning a car and keeping it on the road is rising at an alarming r. How Should I Use The Catalytic Converter Cleaner? Answer: Usually, you just take the container and pour the. The Hi-Gear Fuel System Cleaner is designed to clean the catalytic converter as well as the entire fuel system. Density conditions: at 23°C, 50%. Remove the seal on the. bottle of Cataclean is one of the best products you can use to clean your catalytic converter and oxygen sensors. The dealer said I need a new catalytic converter, but that. Step 1. How to use Catalytic Converter Cleaner. Check it out here! As far as we know, Cataclean is the only patented catalytic converter cleaner on the market. CRC Guaranteed to Pass Emissions Sensor Cleaner. . It’s claimed to remove carbon build up from oxygen sensors and EGR valves, as well as dissolving resin and gum through the fuel lines and in the catalytic converter. Detailed Description. Mr. Cataclean has a significant impact on reducing your car’s carbon footprint by up to 50%. Reading Time: 2 minutes As a follow up to our Cataclean Review we thought we’d look at things from a fuel injector cleaner perspective. Use four times a year to help maintain proper engine operation. How does it help a catalytic converter do its job? Using Cataclean is so easy, and anyone can do it. If you have a clogged catalytic converter, specifically from carbon, then replacing the catalytic converter is the best option. Cataclean will also reduce the particulates in a DPF, preventing clogging. 2. Step 3. Ans: A catalytic converter cleaner works with a mixture of gasoline to effectively clean the internal parts of the engine as well as the converter. 89/Fl Oz) $3. . This product is super popular because it is easy to use and it really works. The cleaning of the fuel system is carried out over the period of the tank contents. If you have to replace your catalytic converter, use Cataclean with the installation to extend its life. Product Description. Its not impossible to clean the catalytic converter off the vehicle. Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner; The cetacean catalytic converter cleaner can achieve up to 50% emission reduction for hydrocarbon gasses. Step 1. 1. Believe it or not, Mr Gasket CataClean works great. The label of Cataclean tells that a specific amount of. Gasket Cataclean Fuel Additive - 120019. Solder-It Catalytic. By ensuring the catalytic converter is clean and functioning properly, Cataclean helps to reduce emissions and improve overall engine performance. Check your extended cat warranty BTW, could be up to 120-150k miles. Protects catalytic system from harmful oil and maintains catalytic efficiency. Take the cat off and let is soak overnight in laundry soap and water. On the similar time, if you use it repeatedly, it would assist in the elimination of adverse deposits. Pour it into a spray bottle and squirt it into both ends of the converter so it generously coats the inside honeycomb. Search for: Search for: Tutorials; Reviews; About me; Liaise. Cataclean can be described as a fuel and exhaust system cleaner. 90 Day Limited Warranty. However, when this device is compromised by additives such as. 90 Day Limited Warranty. Increases power, performance, mileage and saves gas by not only cleaning the entire emissions & exhaust system, but the fuel system as well. Rislone is so confident in the effectiveness. Hi-Gear HG3270s. Yes. Liqui Moly Catalytic System Cleaner protects the catalytic converter from clogging with soot. When it finally fails replace it with a length of stainless tubing and never have to worry about it. It’s usually located under the car, close to. This happens because the honeycomb inside the catalytic converter collapses and clogs up. You will need to use it when the warning light is activated. You need to fix the vehicle properly and then your problems will go away, simple as that. You can view the price on Amazon #7. In the product description for Cataclean, it states that the product can decrease hydrocarbon emissions by 50%, cleans carbon out of the catalytic converter and also cleans the injectors and oxygen sensors. Step 2. The first time I ever heard about one of these products was “Cataclean” which claims to be the original catalytic converter cleaner. . However, it is not for use in 2-stroke or oil/gas mix engines. 8 L 1-Ounce per Gallon. Safe for gasoline, E10, E15, and E85 fuels. Cataclean can also expel specs of dirt and harmful chemical deposits from your car’s fuel system and engine, making the products very useful. In. 2. Does Cataclean really fix a P0420 / P0430 error code and catalytic converter. Carbon deposits inevitably accumulate in the fuel system with time. GRF150. Cataclean helps to reduce carbon build-up. Catalytic converter cleaner; Fuel in tank; Step 1. Or pour directly in to the container you store your fuel in (ensuring this is always full and ready for use) 5. See moreStep 1. Catalytic converter clogged and problem code P0420. Detailed Description. The theory is you get soot on top of the precious metals. Factor in labour at 1. And the last step once, reinstall everything and take your car for a test drive. The CEL went off in 2 days and stayed off. Solder-It CAT-1 Catalytic Converter Cleaner. Thi. Use Cataclean to fix drivability issues such as power reduction, hesitation and hard starts, as a pre-treatment before an emissions test or to extend the life of your vehicle. Cataclean 120019 Cataclean - The Original Liquid Science - Complete Engine, Fuel & Exhaust System Cleaner. Learn how Cataclean products can help your vehicle with both a reduction in carbon build up, and reduction in overall emissions Cataclean is a one-stop, pour-in treatment: add the contents of the pre-measured bottle to a quarter-tank of fuel (around 15 liters/4 gallons), drive for at least 15 minutes to build up sufficient heat in the engine and exhaust, and refuel when necessary. Pour the liquid into the fuel tank of your vehicle. Still, anything that contains a variety of aggressive solvents will likely damage something in the fuel train given enough time. Cataclean will also reduce the particulates in a DPF, preventing clogging. A vehicle’s catalytic converter can accumulate emissions. Step 1. Cataclean is easy to use and is compatible with all types of gasoline and diesel engines. Keep the gas tank in an almost empty condition. 1K+ bought in past month. Lots of fake reviews out there. In other words, Cataclean also performs the function of a simple catalytic converter cleaner. Then generally you get a "cat efficiency" code P0420 because there's no longer enough catalyst material inside to do the job. Wear your safety glasses and gloves and place rags around the rim of your fuel tank to catch any spillage. 1. Get Oxicat Catalytic converter cleaner. Directions for use: Remove seal before emptying entire contents of one bottle of Cataclean® Liquid Science into fuel tank. 5. Quantity: ‎10 ounces. After that, you can now drive your car for about 15 minutes. We will take a look at some of the best catalytic converter cleaning treatments out there. CAT COMPLETE Fuel, Exhaust & Emissions System Cleaner has high-performing detergents and heavy duty cleaning solvents that effectively scrub and remove contaminants, soot, carbon build-up, and oily residue from the fuel injectors, combustion chambers, turbo,. However, if your converter needs a mild refresh, then this is a great choice. Next, put all of the bottle’s contents into your fuel tank. . Senior Member. No cleaner can unmelt the ceramic honeycomb. To use Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner, you will need to follow these steps: Park your vehicle on a level surface and ensure the engine is cool before you begin. Cataclean 120007 Complete Engine and Exhaust System Cleaner. Furthermore, Cataclean catalytic converter cleaner help in reducing your total hydrocarbon emission up to by 50 percent. 98/Fl Oz) $4. Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner is a powerful cleaner designed to clean and remove debris from catalytic converters on cars. If your catalytic converter is severely clogged, then this is probably not the best product for you. AUTOPROFI OXICAT – Best Catalytic Converter Cleaner Overall While other cleaners tend to have all-round cleaning efficiency, the OXICAT is specially. All of these problems can lead to decreased performance and increased emissions from your car. It is also designed to help reduce carbon build-up in the catalytic converter, oxygen sensors, fuel injectors, and cylinder heads, which results in improved fuel. It helps improve the performance and longevity of diesel engines. Once the sodium hydroxide has done its job, thoroughly clean the inside with water. Cataclean and Seafoam are two popular fuel additives that claim to improve the performance of your vehicle. Making use of Cataclean is easy, so anyone can do it. The fuel and the catalytic converter cleaner circulate throughout the car and flush out the pollutants. 50+ bought in past month. The catalytic converter cleaner will enable your car to have a smooth run and easily avoid any issue with emissions. Locally I couldn't find Cataclean, so I first tried the Dura Lube catalytic converter cleaner. Summary of 6 Best Catalytic Converter Cleaners. 3. See what happens when he uses this on a vehicle with a. Clean engines use less fuel and emit less CO2. Cataclean is safe for use in gasoline, diesel, and hybrid engines and does not change the makeup of the fuel. I am an ASE-certified auto mechanic with. Once dry, reinstall the catalytic converter to see if its effectiveness has improved. Gasket Cataclean is a cleaner for the fuel and exhaust systems. Improve Fuel Efficiency: Yes. It is also easy to use, with no special tools or equipment required. Clean the converter’s body and then use a low-pressure washer to pressure wash the interior if there is little to no rattling. So, even though you wished to keep it clean, it could have a counter effect in terms of. Depending on how clogged your engine is, use 1 - 5 consecutive bottles of Cataclean in the gas tank and drive at highway speeds as much as possible. Gasket is the best of the best. Works with gasoline, ethanol and hybrid vehicles. Going through this simple process. Use a lacquer thinner. 3. Gasket Cataclean is a fuel and exhaust system cleaner that reduces carbon build-up and cleans your vehicle’s catalytic converter, oxygen sensors, fuel injectors, and cylinder heads. Cat Complete Fuel, Exhaust & Emissions System Cleaner . Besides cleaning the catalytic converter, it also cleans the vital components of the fuel system and exhaust system. This will allow the cleaner to mix thoroughly with the fuel and reach the catalytic converter, where it can work its magic. read more. Links to the best Catalytic Converter Cleaners we listed in today's Catalytic Converter Cleaner review video:1. A catalytic converter cleaner works on the exhaust system to make it clean by reducing carbon and other deposits. Brakes Filtration Electrical & Lighting. Tutorials; Reviews; About me; Contacts. Cataclean is an engine-cleaning product designed to reduce emissions from. Just pour the recommended amount directly into the fuel tank, ideally when it's about a quarter full (roughly 15 liters or 4 gallons), and drive for around 15 minutes so the engine and exhaust warm up. . 1. However, using a catalytic converter cleaner may be just what you need to return to full power without picking up the wrench. 1. It cleans the whole exhaust system, including the. Probably not even if it's not. Fuel Injectors. Use four times a year to help maintain proper engine operation. Engineered to clean the entire exhaust system with regular use. 3. It claims to reduce your car emissions by 50%. It’s claimed to remove carbon build up from oxygen sensors and EGR valves, as well as dissolving resin and gum through the fuel lines and in the catalytic converter. Get Oxicat Catalytic converter cleaner. Penrite Pro Series EGR & Catalytic Converter Cleaner is a new generation, low volatility, professional automotive fuel additive that effectively cleans and prevents build-up of deposits from blocking emission control devices such as catalytic converters and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. RVs. Reduces zinc and phosphorus catalyst contamination, restoring catalytic converter function. The catalytic converter cleaner will enable your car to have a smooth run and easily avoid any issue with emissions. Cataclean Petrol is a liquid fuel system cleaner and treatment that can help address issues related to the fuel system, catalytic converter, valves, and injectors in petrol-powered vehicles. There is no saving it; it must be replaced. Clean the converter: Use a specialized catalytic converter cleaner, such as Cataclean or CRC Guaranteed to Pass, to clean the converter. There are two ways this can be added to your fuel. Lacquer thinner won’t damage your parts immediately. Step 2: Pour In The Cleaner. The Cataclean Catalytic Converter Cleaner is excellent for the money! You can get one here at a discounted price: Mr. I have a check en. Chevron Techron Concentrate Plus Fuel System. Cataclean is a cleaning agent that helps reduce the accumulated carbon deposition in the catalytic converter and fuel running through your system. Let it dry completely. This product helps clean the fuel system, catalytic converter, oxygen sensors, and exhaust systems of all gasoline-powered. Pour the entire bottle of Cataclean into the engine oil. In this product review, Andy Phillips puts Cataclean catalytic converter cleaner to the ultimate test. Here are the basic steps: Park your vehicle on a level surface and set the parking brake. It filters dangerous chemicals and gases produced by your car. That kind of contamination can result from a badly functioning engine and won’t necessarily be removed even if the other issues with the engine are resolved. Step 3: Pour Seafoam into your Gas Tank. A couple of the most popular cleaner options are Cataclean and OXICAT. If the check engine light comes back after resetting it, look into oxygen sensor spacers aka many places call this a spark plug non fouler since. Using the funnel pour your set amount of Seafoam. A well-running engine helps to restore and maintain catalytic converter efficiency. Pep Boys knows that your car is the second biggest investment you'll make. Cleans the injection system and the combustion chamber. My 2003 Toyota Corolla has 153,000 miles on it, and the check engine light just went on. Say's catalytic converter is 2/3 used on bank 2. This Week Trend. Cataclean is available in petrol, diesel, and hybrid variants for car, van, and motorhome applications. Cataclean does not alter fuel composition and is safe for gasoline, diesel. lt1camaro03112. This cleaner is designed to reduce carbon build-up, increase fuel efficiency, and improve the overall performance of the vehicle. Cataclean Exhaust Fitting Back Tyres Services. Tutorials; Reviews; Via me; Contacts. 1. 99 delivery Nov 21 - Dec 4. It does not only clean the catalytic converter; it profoundly cleans the oxygen sensor and the fuel injector. This is essential for lowering the number of hydrocarbons released from your vehicle. Use a catalytic converter cleaner. 5 to 4 hrs at $90-$150 per hour. A.